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How Do Parents Communicate with Their Infants? : The Function of Parental Proxy Talk in Pre-Verbal Communication Okamoto, Yoriko 岡本, 依子 Sugano, Yukie 菅野, 幸恵 Shouji, Reika 東海林, 麗香 Takahashi, Chie 高橋, 千枝 Yagishita-Kawata, Akiko 八木下（川田）, 暁子 Aoki, Yayoi 青木, 弥生 Ishikawa, Ayuchi 石川, あゆち Kamei, Miyako 亀井, 美弥子 Kawata, Manabu 川田, 学 Suda, Osamu 須田, 治 How do parents communicate with their infants before the infants learn to talk? It has been observed that the parents use Parental Proxy Talk (PPT) as if the speech came from the infants’ own voice. In other words, PPT reflects their expectations of what the infants were thinking and feeling. The present study of PPT explored how PPT functions from birth to 15 months of age, and how PPT contributes to communication with pre-verbal infants. The results showed that there are three periods in the development of the use of PPT; (1) a gradual increase between 0 and 3 months, (2) a peak period from 6-9 months, and (3) a period of decreasing use of PPT from 12-15 months. The study also showed that PPT functions to support not only the pre-verbal infants but also parents themselves, e.g., in parents’ emotion regulation. book part Rissho University 2019-03-20 VoR application/pdf The Rissho International Journal of Academic Research in Culture and Society 2 243 274 https://rissho.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/16/files/10_Okamoto_P243-274.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11266/6649 https://rissho.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/16 eng open access