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アメリカ合衆国コロンビア盆地における灌漑農業の展開
http://hdl.handle.net/11266/00010689
http://hdl.handle.net/11266/00010689ccb6cc95-3feb-49c6-a81b-2c5e0ac8288e
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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RS031-2.1-14.アメリカ合衆国コロンビア盆地における灌漑農業の展開.pdf (8.9 MB)
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Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
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公開日 | 2022-02-22 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
タイトル | アメリカ合衆国コロンビア盆地における灌漑農業の展開 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
タイトル | Development of Agriculture by Irrigation in the Columbia Basin | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | jpn | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
主題 | コロンビア盆地, コロンビア・べースン・プロジェクト, グランド・クーリー・ダム, 灌漑農農, Columbia Basin, Columbia Basin Project, Grand Coulee Dam, farming by irrigation | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
著者 |
澤田, 裕之
× 澤田, 裕之× SAWADA, Hiroyuki |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | アメリカ合衆国北西部に位置するコロンビア盆地は,年間降水量が300mm以下の乾燥地域である。この地域の灌漑による開発を目指して,1933年から連邦政府によるColumbia Basin Projectが実施されてきた。このプロジェクトによる灌漑対象面積は約44万haであり,現在までにおよそその半分に当たる22万ha余の土地が灌漑用水の供給を受けるに至っている。1948年以降,全国から集まった入植者によって集約的な灌漑農家が営まれ,合衆国北西部地方有数の農業地域へと発展した。 | |||||
抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | The Columbia Basin, which is situated in the northwestern corner of the United States, lies in the northern part of the vast volcanic lava plateau called the Columbia Plateau. The dry climate condition with annual rainfall of less than 300 mm covers all of the basin because of the rain shadow effect of the Cascade Range. In spite of the existence of good agricultural conditions such as an extensive flat surface, of relatively fertile soils and of a long growing season, the development of farming there were restricted markedly according to the difficulty of getting water for irrigation. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to adopt the scheme named Columbia Basin Project which intended to develop this area by means of irrigation. By 1941, the Grand Coulee Dam, basic structure for the project, was nearly completed at the junction of Columbia River and the Grand Coulee, old river bed of the Columbia. After World War II, the construction of other irrigation facilities such as a pomping plant, regulation reservoirs, irrigation canals and drainages began working, and the first water flowed into the main canal in the spring of 1952 and irrigated an area of 26,400 ha. The project area spreads southward from the point 80 km south of the Grand Coulee Dam and covers an area of about one million hectares, of which an area of 443,000 ha was made an object for irrigation. Out of the area, 223,000 ha has been irrigated and 6,000 farms have been opened in the project area up to 1985. The farmers settled here have come from all over the country and cleared the vast dry land. Most of the land were under private ownership. Irrigable land was surveyed, appraised and divided into family size farms by the Federal Government prior to settlement. Under the regulation of “Anti-Speculation Act” enacted in 1937, the land value was appraised as dry land and settlers were permitted to own only one family size farm, which acreage differed with condition of the land. The settlers have engaged in intensive agriculture using irrigation water, the average farm size being as small as 37 ha. Over sixty varieties of crops were grown in 1985, among which alfalfa is the most important with 27 % of the total acreage. Five varietie of crops, that is, alfalfa, wheat, feed corn, potato and drybeans, account for 71 % of the all growing acreage in the project area. On the other hand, potato is the leading crop followed by alfalfa, apple, wheat and feed corn in terms of sales value. These five varieties of crops account for 69 % of the total sales value. Most of the crops grown in the project area are shipped to the markets in the Pacific Northwest but a small part of it are consumed for livestock industry in the area. | |||||
内容記述 | ||||||
内容記述 | 論説, ARTICLE | |||||
書誌情報 |
地域研究 en : REGIONAL STUDIES 巻 31, 号 2, p. 1-14, 発行日 1991-02-28 |
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その他の巻号 | ||||||
53 | ||||||
ISSN | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||
収録物識別子 | 03896641 | |||||
出版タイプ | ||||||
出版タイプ | VoR | |||||
出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||
出版者 | ||||||
出版者 | 立正地理学会 |